Medical References: FitBoost

Clinical Applications

• Designed to support healthy energy levels*
• Supports electrolyte replacement*
• Helps fight free radicals with antioxidant nutrients, including S-Acetyl-L-Glutathione and 500 mg of Vitamin C*
• Provides an alternative to ordinary caffeine*
• Provides ingredients that support ATP biosynthesis*

FitBoost effortlessly transforms water into a delicious and energizing drink. Each serving is packed with a blend of B vitamins, electrolytes, trace minerals, amino acids, herbs, and antioxidants, all essential for supporting your body's energy production. Building upon these vital nutrients, FitBoost also includes the innovative caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal. This advanced, patented ingredient marries caffeine with pterostilbene, offering a unique blend. Preliminary observations indicate that the caffeine component in the caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal may be absorbed at a slower rate and remain in the system longer than traditional caffeine, potentially extending energy endurance. With only 5 grams of carbohydrates per serving and absolutely no sugars, FitBoost provides your body with the essential elements it needs for sustained energy production.*

Discussion

Caffeine Pterostilbene Co-Crystal Structure

The caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal featured in FitBoost represents a novel compound, merging caffeine and pterostilbene, a highly effective variant of resveratrol, into a distinct co-crystalline form. This specific structural formation influences how caffeine is utilized in the body, potentially offering enhanced benefits compared to caffeine in isolation.*

Research Insights

In research involving rats (n=6), the caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal demonstrated a half-life of eight hours, in contrast to the three-hour half-life of standard caffeine.[1] A preliminary human study, single-blind and spanning four weeks (n=12), compared 232 mg of caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal (yielding 99.76 mg of caffeine) with 100 mg of regular caffeine, revealing several key findings[2,3]:

• Nearly 30% more caffeine was observed in the bloodstream when using caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal as opposed to standard caffeine.*
• The caffeine absorption from the co-crystal was about 30% slower compared to regular caffeine.*
• The caffeine's half-life when derived from the co-crystal was approximately 25% longer than that of regular caffeine.*
• Serum levels at 4 hours post-consumption were 45% higher with the co-crystal caffeine compared to standard caffeine.*
• At 6 hours, the difference increased to 51% more caffeine in the serum from the co-crystal.*
• The co-crystal showed no negative effects.*

These results, though promising, require validation through larger scale studies to confirm the extended energy effects.*

Enhanced Energy

The collective data indicates that the caffeine sourced from caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal may have a more prolonged effect than traditional caffeine, suggesting a potential for reduced overall caffeine consumption thanks to its efficient delivery and slower absorption. This could be beneficial for individuals aiming to decrease their caffeine intake.*

Gradual Caffeine Release

Research is ongoing to determine if the extended half-life and slower release of caffeine from the co-crystal leads to a more balanced energy release. This could potentially mitigate the abrupt 'crash' often associated with standard caffeinated products, giving FitBoost a competitive edge over traditional caffeine-based formulas.*

Natural Composition, Sugar-Free

FitBoost is formulated with natural ingredients, excluding ephedra and synthetic stimulants. It contains only five grams of carbohydrates and is free from sugars. Using natural flavors and stevia as sweeteners instead of sugar or other carbs helps avoid the typical sugar rush associated with many energy drinks. Importantly, FitBoost is devoid of artificial colors.*

General Effects of Caffeine

Studies in both animals and humans have shown caffeine's positive impact on athletic performance, fatigue, and cognitive functions like memory support.[4-8] Meeusen et al.'s research indicates that caffeine's performance-enhancing effects may stem from its role in antagonizing adenosine receptors, which affects the dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems.*[9]

Pterostilbene Benefits

The previously mentioned study also found that caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal delivered about 50% more total pterostilbene into the bloodstream compared to pterostilbene alone.[2] Pterostilbene, an effective resveratrol analog found in blueberries and grapes, is four times more bioavailable than resveratrol,[10] has a seven-fold longer half-life,[11] and is more effective in terms of oral absorption and metabolic stability, being more lipophilic and offering two to four times greater cellular uptake.[12] Beyond the known antioxidant properties of resveratrol that support cardiovascular health, pterostilbene is recognized for activating proteins (such as SIRT1 and PGC-1α) that play a role in boosting mitochondrial biogenesis and, consequently, ATP (energy) production.*[13-15]

Electrolytes and Antioxidant Support

Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and magnesium are crucial for energy production, nerve signal transmission, muscle contractions, pH balance, fluid balance, and more. Conditions leading to significant sweating and heightened metabolic activity may necessitate replenishing these vital minerals and increase the need for antioxidants. FitBoost provides 130 mg of sodium, 280 mg of potassium, and 150 mg of magnesium per serving. To combat free radicals, FitBoost also includes 500 mg of vitamin C in the form of mineral ascorbates, as well as natural vitamin E, selenium, green tea extract, and s-acetyl-L-glutathione (SAG). SAG, a stable form of glutathione, is known to traverse the mitochondrial membrane, enhancing the organelle's functionality and aiding in minimizing reactive oxygen species.*

Herbal and Amino Acid Blend

FitBoost incorporates a unique blend of caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal with various herbs and amino acids, including green tea extract, coffee fruit extract, taurine, and L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, designed to complement the effects of caffeine pterostilbene co-crystal. Some of these ingredients, when taken in substantial doses, are known to contribute to mitochondrial biogenesis or positively impact exercise performance.*[16-18]

B Vitamins and Energy Metabolism

The B vitamins in FitBoost are crucial for the complex biochemical processes that convert food into glucose and ATP, the cellular energy currency. Vitamin B12, in particular, collaborates with folate in red blood cell production and aids in iron utilization. Iron is essential for transporting oxygen to all cells, including muscle cells, for energy generation.*

References

1. Single-dose comparative pharmacokinetic study of pterostilbene, caffeine and combination of pterostilbene caffeine co-crystal in SD rats by oral route. Study report. Study No: VLL/0912/NG/D033; Version No.: 1.0. Genome Valley, Hyderabad, India: Vimta Labs Limited; November 2012:1-25. [on file]
2. A crossover, clinical evaluation to determine the relative bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and safety of PURENERGY™ and pTeroPure® in healthy adult males. PK study summary. Miami, FL/Irvine, CA: Miami Research Associates/ChromaDex Inc.; 2013:1-34. [on file]
3. Purenergy™: A novel next-generation caffeine alternative. Irvine, CA: ChromaDex Inc.; September 10, 2014:1-5. [on file]
4. Stadheim HK, Spencer M, Olsen R, et al. Caffeine and performance over consecutive days of simulated competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Sep;46(9):1787-96. [PMID: 25134002]
5. Pérez-López A, Salinero JJ, Abian-Vicen J, et al. Caffeinated energy drinks improve volleyball performance in elite female players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Jul 18. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 2505139]
6. Burke LM. Caffeine and sports performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008 Dec;33(6):1319-34. [PMID: 19088794]
7. Costa MS, Botton PH, Mioranzza S, et al. Caffeine improves adult mice performance in the object recognition task and increases BDNF and TrkB independent on phospho-CREB immunocontent in the hippocampus. Neurochem Int. 2008 Sep;53(3-4):89-94. [PMID: 18620014]
8. Ronen A, Oron-Gilad T, Gershon P. The combination of short rest and energy drink consumption as fatigue countermeasures during a prolonged drive of professional truck drivers. J Safety Res. 2014 Jun;49:39-43. [PMID: 24913484]
9. Meeusen R, Roelands B, Spriet LL. Caffeine, exercise and the brain. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2013;76:1-12. [PMID: 23899750]
10. Kapetanovic IM, Muzzio M, Huang Z, et al. Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and metabolic profile of resveratrol and its dimethylether analog, pterostilbene, in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;68(3):593-601. [PMID: 21116625]
11. Remsberg CM, Yáñez JA, Ohgami Y, et al. Pharmacometrics of pterostilbene: preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activity. Phytother Res. 2008 Feb;22(2):169-79. [PMID: 17726731]
12. Nutakul W, Sobers HS, Qiu P, et al. Inhibitory effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on human colon cancer cells: a side-by-side comparison. J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Oct 26;59(20):10964-70. [PMID: 21936500]
13. Ljubicic V, Burt M, Lunde JA, et al. Resveratrol induces expression of the slow, oxidative phenotype in mdx mouse muscle together with enhanced activity of the SIRT1-PGC-1α axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014 Jul 1;307(1):C66-82. [PMID: 24760981]
14. Jian B, Yang S, Chaudry IH, et al. Resveratrol restores sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression after hemorrhagic injury in a rat model. Mol Med. 2014 Mar 13;20:10-6. [PMID: 24395567]
15. Alcaín FJ, Villalba JM. Sirtuin activators. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2009 Apr;19(4):403-14. Review. [PMID: 19441923]
16. Campbell B, Roberts M, Kerksick C, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and effects on exercise performance of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in trained adult men. Nutrition. 2006 Sep;22(9):872-81. [PMID: 16928472]
17. Flôres MF, Martins A, Schimidt HL, et al. Effects of green tea and physical exercise on memory impairments associated with aging. Neurochem Int. 2014 Sep 6. [PMID: 25195719]
18. Pandareesh MD, Anand T. Ergogenic effect of dietary L-carnitine and fat supplementation against exercise induced physical fatigue in Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem. 2013 Dec;69(4):799-809. [PMID: 23661316]