Clinical Applications

• Supports healthy brain magnesium levels*
• Supports healthy synapse number and function*
• Supports cognitive health*
• Supports stress management, sleep quality, and a healthy mood*
• Helps ensure an optimal magnesium intake for overall health*

FitNeuro incorporates the identical Albion magnesium varieties as seen in OptiMag 125, along with Magtein™ (magnesium L-threonate). This unique magnesium form, demonstrated in animal research to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier, is crucial for enhancing cognitive health. Elevating magnesium levels in the brain plays a significant role in supporting various cognitive functions, encompassing both long-term and short-term memory, learning capabilities, managing stress, and promoting healthy sleep patterns.*

Discussion

FitNeuro – Enhancing Magnesium Delivery to Body and Brain

Magnesium intake is often lower than the recommended levels, leading to various health issues, including those impacting the brain.[1] To address the issue of magnesium's low bioavailability, Fitties has selected specific magnesium compounds, based on extensive research, to develop FitNeuro. This product builds on the success of OptiMag 125, combining its highly effective organic Albion minerals—dimagnesium malate and TRAACS® magnesium lysinate glycinate chelate—with Magtein™. Magtein™, an innovative organic magnesium compound developed by researchers at MIT, is designed to support cognitive functions.*

Magtein – Revolutionary Magnesium L-Threonate

The development of Magtein spanned over a decade at MIT. This unique magnesium form is revolutionizing brain health support. Differing from other products that stimulate the brain, sometimes excessively, Magtein operates through a unique mechanism. Optimal brain magnesium levels are crucial for the proper functioning of synapses. Magtein facilitates the delivery of magnesium into synapses, keeping brain cells healthy and responsive without overstimulation.*

Elevation of Brain Magnesium Levels by Magtein

Research indicates that Magtein successfully crosses the blood-brain barrier, enhancing the brain's magnesium levels. This leads to increased magnesium in neural synapses, improved synaptic density, and enhanced brain function.[2-4] An animal study comparing various magnesium compounds revealed that only Magtein significantly improved magnesium bioavailability in the brain, increasing rat cerebrospinal fluid magnesium levels by 7% to 15%, with notable neurological benefits.*

Magtein's Role in Synaptic Health and Function

The presence of adequate extracellular magnesium in the brain is vital for maintaining synaptic density and functionality.*[2,5] Increased magnesium concentrations in extracellular fluid have been shown to permanently enhance synaptic plasticity

in cultured hippocampal neurons.[5] Further research on animals demonstrated that magnesium boosts receptor signaling, especially in the NR2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is crucial for memory processes in the hippocampus.*

Studies indicate that enhancing brain magnesium with Magtein significantly improves synaptic facilitation and long-term potentiation, aiding synaptic plasticity, and thus enhancing learning and memory functions in rats.*[2,3,6]

Magtein and Cognitive Health Enhancement

The cognitive benefits of Magtein were evaluated in a study by Liu et al., a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 51 participants. Administering Magtein at a dose of 1.5 g/d to 2 g/d (25 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks to individuals aged 50-70 showed a decrease in cognitive decline compared to controls.[7] Notably, using normative TMT-B data, after six weeks of Magtein treatment, the average brain age in the treatment group reduced from 69.6 ± 4.2 years to 60.6 ± 5.6 years, a substantial improvement of 9.0 ± 3.5 years, maintained over 12 weeks of treatment. These findings are supported by several animal studies.*

Pre-clinical animal studies using assessments such as the NORT (novel object recognition test), T-maze, Morris water maze, conditioned fear memory, and conditioned taste aversion have also demonstrated Magtein's effectiveness.* These studies found significant improvements in learning and memory across various age groups in rodents when brain magnesium levels were increased.[2-4,8] For instance, NORT tests showed that aged rats treated with Magtein experienced improvements of about 135% in short-term memory and 85% in long-term memory compared to control rats.*

In a study by Li et al., examining Magtein's effects on genetically altered mice modeling age-related cognitive changes, untreated mice showed clear learning deficits, whereas those treated with Magtein performed comparably to normal mice.[3] A direct correlation was observed between brain magnesium levels and cognitive function, with lower brain magnesium levels linked to poorer memory performance. Histological analysis also indicated that Magtein administration preserved synapse density, NMDA receptor signaling, and positively influenced certain memory-related protein expressions.*[3]

Role of Magnesium in Stress Management, Sleep Quality, and Mood

Magnesium's benefits extend to stress reduction, sleep quality enhancement, and mood support. In rat studies, magnesium administration mitigated neurological changes caused by chronic mild stress.[9] Magtein, in particular, showed potential in moderating worry by increasing fear memory extinction.[4,10] Human studies have revealed that magnesium supplementation can reverse sleep alterations linked with aging and enhance both objective and subjective sleep quality measures.[11-13] By improving sleep quality and mitigating chronic stress effects, optimal magnesium levels positively influence mood.*[9,10,14,15]

References

1. Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Ahuja JK, et al. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. What we eat in America, Nhanes 2005-2006. Usual nutrient intakes from food and water compared to 1997 dietary reference intakes for vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ SP2UserFiles/Place/80400530/pdf/0506/usual_nutrient_intake_vitD_ca_phos_ mg_2005-06.pdf. Published July 2009. Accessed November 21, 2014.
2. Slutsky I, Abumaria N, Wu LJ, et al. Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium. Neuron. 2010 Jan 28;65(2):165-77. [PMID: 20152124]
3. Li W, Yu J, Liu Y, et al. Elevation of brain magnesium prevents synaptic loss and reverses cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Mol Brain. 2014 Sep 13;7(1):65. [PMID: 25213836]
4. Abumaria N, Yin B, Zhang L, et al. Effects of elevation of brain magnesium on fear conditioning, fear extinction, and synaptic plasticity in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and lateral amygdala. J Neurosci. 2011 Oct 19;31(42):14871-81. [PMID: 22016520]
5. Slutsky I, Sadeghpour S, Li B, et al. Enhancement of synaptic plasticity through chronically reduced Ca2+ flux during uncorrelated activity. Neuron. 2004 Dec 2;44(5):835-49. [PMID: 15572114]
6. Wang D, Jacobs SA, Tsien JZ. Targeting the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B for treating or preventing age-related memory decline. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014 Oct;18(10):1121-30. [PMID: 25152202]
7. Liu G, Weinger JG, Lu ZL, et al. Efficacy and safety of mmfs-01, a synapse density enhancer, for treating cognitive impairment in older adults: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015 Oct 27;49(4):971-90. [PMID: 26519439]
8. Mickley GA, Hoxha N, Luchsinger JL, et al. Chronic dietary magnesium-Lthreonate speeds extinction and reduces spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 May;106:16-26. [PMID: 23474371]
9. Pochwat B, Szewczyk B, Sowa-Kucma M, et al. Antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the chronic mild stress model in rats: alterations in the NMDA receptor subunits. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Mar;17(3):393-405. [PMID: 24067405]
10. Abumaria N, Luo L, Ahn M, et al. Magnesium supplement enhances spatial-context pattern separation and prevents fear overgeneralization. Behav Pharmacol. 2013 Aug;24(4):255-63. [PMID: 23764903]
11. Held K, Antonijevic IA, Künzel H, et al. Oral Mg(2+) supplementation reverses agerelated neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2002 Jul;35(4):135-43. [PMID: 12163983]
12. Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 201 Dec;17(12):1161-69. [PMID: 23853635].
13. Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F, et al. Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. Sleep. 1998 Aug 1;21(5):501-05. [PMID: 9703590]
14. Fromm L, Heath DL, Vink R, et al. Magnesium attenuates post-traumatic depression/anxiety following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Oct;23(5):529S-533S. [PMID: 15466958]
15. Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(2):362-70. [PMID: 16542786]